Sanxingdui Masks, iconic artifacts excavated from the sacrificial pits at the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan Province (late Shang Dynasty, approximately 3,200 years ago), are primarily bronze masks, complemented by gold masks and gold face masks. Their highly exaggerated and mysterious forms serve as the central embodiment of the ancient Shu pantheon’s theocratic ritual system.

Main Types, Specifications, and Manufacturing Techniques

1. Bronze Mask with Protruding Eyes (the most representative type)

   • Dimensions: overall height 66 cm, width 138 cm; the eye sockets project outward in a cylindrical shape, extending up to 16 cm;

   • Material: copper–tin–lead alloy, produced through mold casting and separate casting, joined via mortise-and-tenon assembly; a square perforation on the forehead suggests that it may have once been adorned with a frontal ornament;

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