This teaching resource allows teachers to explain how electrons flow, as well as the concepts of voltage, current, and resistance.

The battery can be opened to reveal the electrons inside. The teacher can then explain that voltage creates a force that pushes electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. This movement allows energy to be transferred and causes the lamp to light up, converting chemical energy into visible light.

The lamp is designed so that the teacher can move the plug chain (representing the electrons) from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of the battery.

The teacher can then explain that the force pushing the electrons is created by a difference in electric potential, called voltage. The amount of electrons flowing through the circuit is called current. The opposition to this flow, caused by the properties of the material, is called resistance, which slows down the movement of electrons. This can be demonstrated by the friction that the lamp filament exerts on the plug chain.