Modern Art typically refers to a series of artistic movements and creative practices that emerged from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century, marking a profound transformation in the history of art. Breaking away from traditional realism and academic conventions, Modern Art placed emphasis on concept, form, individuality, and innovation, laying the groundwork for contemporary art.

I. The Historical Context of Modern Art

Modern Art arose in the wake of:

• the sweeping social upheavals following the Industrial Revolution
• the transformative shifts in lifestyle brought about by urbanization, mechanization, and rapid technological advancement
• the advent of photography, which fundamentally challenged the traditional role of painting as a “realistic representation” of reality

Artists began to ask: Art is no longer merely about imitating the world—it is about expressing ideas and emotions.